Fig. 4. Effect of monotropein on inflammation and oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells.
(A–C) Protein levels of TNF-α and 4-HNE in cells and quantitative analysis. n = 3 independent experiments. (D, E) Measurement of ROS activity in cells and quantitative analysis. Scale bar, 100 µm. n = 3 independent experiments. (F, G) mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and 4-HNE in cells and quantitative analysis. (H, I) Immunofluorescence staining of mouse aortic root. Green fluorescence in plaques denotes TNF-α and 4-HNE, and the red fluorescence presents Acta2. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 3 independent experiments. (J) Protein levels of TNF-α and 4-HNE in mouse aorta. n = 3 independent experiments. (K, L) Quantitative analysis of immunofluorescence staining. (M, N) Quantitative analysis of protein levels of TNF-α and 4-HNE in mouse aorta. Bar graphs depict mean ± SEM; one-way ANOVA *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. ROS, reactive oxygen species; ox-LDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein; HFD, high-fat diet; MTP, monotropein; NCD, normal diet.
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