Fig. 1. Evolution of astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) hypothesis.
(A) Traditional model: The classic ANLS hypothesis proposes that neurons depend primarily on lactate produced by astrocytes for energy metabolism. This model assumes strict metabolic compartmentalization, with neurons exclusively expressing the LDH1 (LDHB) isozyme. (B) Updated model: The revised ANLS hypothesis demonstrates that neurons possess greater metabolic flexibility through the expression of both LDHA and LDHB. While neurons maintain their ability to utilize lactate, they do so less efficiently through LDHA compared to LDHB. LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MCT, monocarboxylate transporter; GLUT, glucose transporter.
© Korean J Physiol Pharmacol
