Fig. 6. Effects of echinochrome A (Ech A) on VSMC migration induced by HMGB1.
The A10 cells were pretreated with Ech A (3 or 10 μM) for 24 h and then stimulated with HMGB1 (100 ng/ml) for 48 h. Cell migration was determined using a wound-healing assay. The area of migrated cells in the wound area was calculated and expressed as the % changes in the wound area. The area of migrated cells (%) was quantified and expressed as the means ± SEM of 4 independent experiments. **p < 0.01 vs. control, #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01 vs. corresponding vehicle in the HMGB1-treated group. VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell; HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1.
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