Serum biochemistry analysis results in negative control, clopidogrel, atorvastatin, PA9RA 5 mg/kg/day, 15 mg/kg/day, and 45 mg/kg/day treated groups
| Variable | Negative control |
Clopidogrel, 25 mg/kg/day |
Atorvastatin, 10 mg/kg/day |
PA9RA, 5 mg/kg/day |
PA9RA, 15 mg/kg/day |
PA9RA, 45 mg/kg/day |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of animals per group | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/l) | 200.99 ± 8.27 | 191.75 ± 8.21 | 221.35 ± 12.45 | 316.60 ± 9.51 |
339.81 ± 21.55 |
223.09 ± 30.50 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/l) | 62.06 ± 8.73 | 56.34 ± 10.31 | 81.48 ± 24.57 | 68.66 ± 16.05 | 40.09 ± 10.19 | 27.07 ± 3.80 |
| Apolipoprotein A1 (mg/dl) | 0.26 ± 0.02 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.19 ± 0.08 | 0.31 ± 0.05 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/l) | 82.53 ± 6.32 | 84.96 ± 8.36 | 115.26 ± 23.85 | 84.89 ± 11.14 | 65.60 ± 6.34 | 68.37 ± 5.89 |
| Calcium (mg/dl) | 10.02 ± 0.15 | 9.93 ± 0.10 | 10.19 ± 0.15 | 9.59 ± 0.07 | 9.56 ± 0.08 | 10.06 ± 0.11 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 1,432.94 ± 36.10 | 1,407.95 ± 105.36 | 1,250.88 ± 58.91 | 1,151.03 ± 125.54 | 1,223.89 ± 110.59 | 981.66 ± 163.77 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 185.84 ± 10.72 | 153.94 ± 11.78 | 166.90 ± 8.89 | 123.31 ± 10.85 |
135.88 ± 13.12 | 117.20 ± 14.00 |
| High-density lipoprotein (mg/dl) | 12.51 ± 1.03 | 11.78 ± 0.99 | 17.84 ± 1.93 | 21.96 ± 2.70 | 26.63 ± 2.71 |
25.60 ± 2.88 |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dl) | 338.39 ± 8.73 | 333.18 ± 26.45 | 265.06 ± 12.43 |
247.60 ± 24.01 | 249.90 ± 26.33 | 164.20 ± 32.55 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 82.91 ± 8.28 | 77.95 ± 7.94 | 102.85 ± 9.78 | 106.63 ± 12.86 | 102.39 ± 9.68 | 110.97 ± 21.80 |
| Total protein (g/dl) | 5.32 ± 0.07 | 5.06 ± 0.09 | 5.06 ± 0.07 | 5.11 ± 0.08 | 4.97 ± 0.07 | 5.62 ± 0.21 |
Values are presented as mean ± SEM. PA9RA, potassium retinoate. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01.