Fig. 1. Effects of OPC on LPS-induced renal tubular injury
in vivo. (A, B) The changes in serum renal function test parameters. OPC (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg) and ulinastatin (50,000 U/kg) treatments were started 3 days before LPS (10 mg/kg) injection and terminated after the administration of LPS. Blood and renal tissues were collected 24 h after LPS injection (n = 6). (C) Renal histological changes were observed using H&E and PAS staining, showing tubules of the indicated groups. Bar = 200 μm. (D) The renal tubular injury semi-quantitatively scored by histopathologist according to the standards as described above (n = 6). (E) The role of OPC on the expression of N-gal in the kidney. Sample lysates from representative mice renal cortices of the control, LPS, and LPS + OPC 10 mg/kg groups were analyzed using Western blotting (n = 3). (F) Semi-quantitative densitometric analysis of D for N-gal. The p-values are indicated at the top of the bars. OPC, oligomeric proanthocyanidin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; PAS, Periodic Acid-Schiff; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Ctrl, control. ####p< 0.0001; ##p < 0.01 versus control. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001 versus LPS, respectively.
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