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Fig. 4. Morphology detection of the rat retina tissues demonstrated the association between the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 pathway and DR. (A) Retinal morphology was observed via H&E stain. (B) Retinal morphology was observed via PAS staining. Immunohistochemistry detection of (C) AQP1, (D) Gli1, and (E) SHH. The magnifications are 400×. DR, diabetic retinopathy; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; APS, astragalus polysaccharide; SHH, Sonic Hedgehog.
Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2025;29:21-32 https://doi.org/10.4196/kjpp.23.251
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