Fig. 1. Low-frequency (2 Hz) auricular vagus nerve stimulation (aVNS) promotes the vasomotion events number, rather than 40 Hz and 100 Hz.
(A) In vivo two photon imaging setup and representative image showing artery and vein. Scale bar = 50 µm. (B) Representative traces from vessels show variable changes in diameter, with arteries exhibiting more pronounced diameter changes compared to veins. (C) Example traces showing raw trace (gray), filtered trace (blue) and detected vasomotion (green ×-shaped mark). A Savitzky-Golay filter was applied to the raw trace, and the peaks were identified. Scale bar = 2 µm in diameter and 10 sec in time. (D) Sample time series of arterial diameter changes following aVNS. (E) Quantified vasomotion events after aVNS (n = 8 for sham [3 mice], n = 6 for 2 Hz aVNS [3 mice], n = 6 for 40 Hz aVNS [2 mice], and n = 4 for 100 Hz aVNS [2 mice]). p-values were determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. **p < 0.01; ns, not significant.
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