Fig. 2. Micro-CT analysis to investigate the effects of fine particulate matter (FPM) on the femoral trabecular bone of mice.
(A) Representative micro-CT coronal (top) and transverse (bottom) scans of the trabecular bone from each group. Mean changes in trabecular bone density and structure over time were measured (control group, n = 5, FPM-treated group, n = 7, and LPS-treated group, n = 3). In the transverse section of the femur, the trabecular bone is shaded in blue, and only the trabecular bone area was analysed. (B–G) Mean percentage change of trabecular bone parameters in the treatment groups based on the pre-treatment value at Day 0. Treatment commenced in 6-week-old mice and was terminated after 19 days. Significant differences between each group normalized to the baseline values before application are noted (p < 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis test): apre-treatment group (PTG) vs. control group, bPTG vs. FPM-treated group, cPTG vs. LPS-treated group. (B) Bone mineral density (BMD), (C) bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), (D) trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), (E) bone surface to bone volume ratio (BS/BV), (F) trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and (G) trabecular number (Tb.N). The control group received PBS (10 ml/kg), FPM-treated group received PBS-diluted FPM (7.5 mg/kg), and LPS-treated group received lipopolysaccharide (5 mg/kg). Bars represent mean ± standard deviation. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; CT, computed tomography; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline.
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