Fig. 3. LPS-induced upregulation of GFAP and TLR4 in sympathetic ganglia.
(A, B) Real-time PCR analysis to assess the transcripts encoding GFAP and TLR4 in the sympathetic ganglia collected from rats with and without LPS injection (2 mg/kg, i.p., 24 h). (C) Confocal images depicting changes in GFAP expression in the SGCs of sympathetic ganglia 24 h after LPS injection. Scale bars = 10 μm. (D) Immunoblots of SCG collected from rats 24 h after injection of either vehicle or LPS in vivo. (E, F) Summary of the LPS-induced changes in the expression of GFAP and TLR4 proteins in the SCG. (G) Confocal images showing the localization and changes in TLR4 immunoreactivity in the control (VEH) and LPS (1 μg/ml, 24 h)-treated neuron-SGC units. Scale bars = 10 μm. Data are presented as means ± SEM. The number of experiments is indicated in parentheses. Unpaired Student’s t-test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; TLR4, toll-like receptor 4; SGC, satellite glial cell; SCG, superior cervical ganglia; i.p., intraperitoneal; DAPI, 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride.
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