Fig. 4. Lithium, independently of exercise, attenuated hepatic gluconeogenesis in type 1 diabetes.
(A–E) Immunoblot for the indicated proteins (A) and their quantified results (B–E) of the liver samples from STZ-treated mice after 12 weeks of lithium and/or exercise administration. The protein levels of G6Pase (B) and PEPCK (C), the ratio of phosphorylated AMPK to total AMPK (D), and the ratio of phosphorylated p38MAPK to total p38MAPK (E). The detailed experiment procedures are in the method section. Data are presented as means ± S.E.M. NC, saline-received normal glycemic group; PC, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic group; Li, lithium(Li)-administration to STZ-received mice; Ex, moderate exercise training to STZ-received mice; Li + Ex, co-administration of Li and exercise to STZ-received mice. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
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