Fig. 3. Lithium exhibited limited influences on exercise-mediated insulin signaling, glucose uptake, and glycogen breakdown in type 1 diabetic skeletal muscle.
(A–E) Immunoblot for the indicated proteins (A) and a plot of their quantified results (B–E) of the skeletal muscle samples from type 1 diabetic mice after 12 weeks of lithium and/or exercise administration. The protein levels of Glut4 (B) and RAB10 (C), the ratio of phosphorylated Akt to total Akt (D), and the ratio of phosphorylated GSKβ to total GSKβ (E). The detailed experiment procedures are in the method section. Data are presented as means ± S.E.M. NC, saline-received normal glycemic group; PC, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic group; Li, lithium(Li)-administration to STZ-received mice; Ex, moderate exercise training to STZ-received mice; Li + Ex, co-administration of Li and exercise to STZ-received mice. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
© Korean J Physiol Pharmacol
