Fig. 4. Cornuside inhibited the AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways in high glucose-treated MMCs.
(A) RT-qPCR analysis measured the mRNA levels of PCNA, cyclin D1, p21 and AKT in high glucose-treated MMCs after different doses of cornuside treatment (0, 5, 10, and 30 μM). (B) Western blot analysis measured the protein levels of p65, PCNA, cyclin D1, p21, AKT, p-AKT, p-IκB-α, COL1 and fibronectin in high glucose-induced MMCs after different doses of cornuside treatment (0, 5, 10, and 30 μM). (C) Western blot analysis measured the protein levels of p65 (nuclear) and p65 (cytosol) in high glucose-treated MMCs after different doses of cornuside treatment (0, 5, 10, and 30 μM). Values are presented as mean ± SD. MMCs, mesangial cells; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
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