Fig. 1. High-dose administration of RD improved ovarian functions and decreased apoptosis of granulosa cells in DOR rats. (A) Vaginal smear was used to investigate estrous cycles of rats. (B) Ovarian index. (C) H&E staining of ovary, and the number of primordial, mature, and atretic follicles. (D–F) ELISA assay was used to determine the levels of FSH (D), LH (E), and E₂ (F). (G) Cell apoptosis in rat ovaries was tested by TUNEL staining. (H) The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was measured by Western blotting. Values are presented as mean ± SD. DOR, diminished ovarian reserve; RD, Rehmannioside D; FSH, Follicle-stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; E₂, estradiol. n = 10. *p < 0.05.

Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2023;27:167-176 https://doi.org/10.4196/kjpp.2023.27.2.167

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