Table. 3.

Comparison of BPV parameters, HRV indices, and CAFT parameters between healthy control and pre-MetS subjects

Variable Total subjects
(n = 182)
Control subjects
(n = 89)
Pre-MetS subjects
(n = 93)
p-value
BPV parameters
BHR (per min) 72.0 (66.96–79.33) 70.78 (66.08–78.08) 73.0 (67.35–81.50) 0.032
SBP (mmHg) 118.44 ± 10.36 115.40 ± 9.64 121.36 ± 10.24 0.001
DBP (mmHg) 74.29 ± 9.29 71.98 ± 8.32 76.49 ± 9.66 0.001
MAP (mmHg) 90.39 ± 10.01 86.38 ± 7.82 94.22 ± 10.40 0.001
RPP (mmHg/min) 85.05 (75.32–99.52) 80.0 (72.50–89.75) 91.40 (79.25–108.85) 0.001
BRS (ms/mmHg) 15.70 ± 6.93 17.43 ± 7.17 14.03 ± 6.29 0.001
Time-domain indices of HRV
Mean RR (ms) 848.29 ± 116.08 869.43 ± 112.18 828.05 ± 116.74 0.016
SDNN (ms) 40.70 (28.47–56.27) 43.7 (31.80–59.40) 38.90 (26.05–48.25) 0.011
RMSSD (ms) 45.50 (33.75–56.0) 52.0 (38.15–59.70) 40.70 (23.55–49.20) 0.001
NN50 30.70 (6.0–66.0) 42.0 (16.0–67.0) 17 (2.5–64.5) 0.001
pNN50 (%) 8.40 (1.68–18.05) 12.20 (4.15–18.65) 4.9 (0.80–17.45) 0.001
Frequency-domain indices of HRV
TP (ms2) 1,302.50 (707.25–1868.25) 1,384.0 (965.0–2108.50) 1,090.0 (581.5–1689.5) 0.003
HF (ms2) 434.50 (186.5–676.50) 463.0 (243.0–688.50) 407.0 (120.0–683.0) 0.046
LF (ms2) 404.0 (193.0–663.0) 476.0 (231.0–664.50) 315.0 (157.5–652.10) 0.034
VLF (ms2) 354.0 (67.0–651.0) 403.0 (116.0–667.0) 169.0 (48.5–543.0) 0.007
HF (nu) 50.02 (36.58–56.93) 52.74 (37.43–64.02) 47.80 (36.56–55.67) 0.020
LF (nu) 53.52 (43.56–59.28) 47.19 (35.93–62.49) 55.27 (47.1–69.8) 0.001
LF/HF 1.20 (0.67–2.11) 0.88 (0.56–1.67) 1.44 (0.71–2.57) 0.001
Cardiac autonomic function test parameters
E:I ratio 1.36 (1.21–1.48) 1.41 (1.31–1.52) 1.28 (1.15–1.43) 0.001
30:15 ratio 1.30 (1.21–1.50) 1.40 (1.24–1.56) 1.26 (1.15–1.43) 0.001
ΔDBPIHG 16.0(12.75–23.0) 14 (12.0–21.0) 17 (14.0–26.0) 0.002

The values are expressed as median (inter-quartile range) or mean ± SD. BPV, blood pressure variability; HRV, heart rate variability; CAFT, cardiac autonomic function test; MetS, metabolic syndrome; BHR, basal heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RPP, rate pressure product; BRS, baroreflex sensitivity; Mean RR, mean-RR interval; SDNN, standard deviation of normal to normal interval; RMSSD, square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal to normal intervals; NN50, the number of interval differences of successive NN intervals greater than 50 ms; PNN50, the proportion derived by dividing NN50 by the total number of NN intervals; TP, total power; HF, high-frequency power; HF nu, HF power in normalized units (HF / (TP–VLF) × 100); LF, low-frequency power; LF nu, LF power in normalized units (LF / (TP–VLF) × 100); VLF, very-low-frequency; LF/HF, a ratio of the low-frequency component to the high-frequency; E:I ratio, a ratio of maximum RR interval during expiration to minimum RR interval during inspiration following deep breathing; ΔDBPIHG, a maximum rise in diastolic BP above baseline following sustained handgrip.

Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2023;27:49-59 https://doi.org/10.4196/kjpp.2023.27.1.49
© Korean J Physiol Pharmacol