Fig. 5. Lactate modulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype switch via regulating miR-23b/SMAD3 axis.
Following transfection with SMAD3 OE or/and miR-23b mimic, VMSCs were treated with lactate. (A) Expression of miR-23b and SMAD3 in VSMCs as determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. (B) CCK-8 assay determines the B cell viability of VSMCs. (C) The VSMC apoptosis as determined by the Tunel assay (magnification 200×). (D) By JC-1 staining, the mitochondrial membrane potential of VSMCs is determined. (E) A transwell assay was used to determine VSMC migration (magnification 400×). (F) The Western blot-detected expression levels of phenotype switch-associated makers. Values in this figure are presented with mean ± SD. n = 3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p<0.001.
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