Fig. 2. Lactate decreased miR-23b expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).
(A) Lactate treatment (4 mM) altered the expression of microRNAs in VSMCs. (B) qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression of the top three downregulated miRNAs: miR-222, miR-23b, and miR-133a in VSMCs transfected with miRNA inhibitors. (C–E) qRT-PCR analysis of the expression of VSMC phenotypic markers in VSMCs transfected with miR-222 (C), miR-23b (D), or miR-133a (E) inhibitors. (F) VSMC proliferation was measured with CCK-8 after transfection with miR-23b inhibitors. (G) After transfection with miR-23b inhibitors, the migration of VSMC was measured using the transwell assay (magnification 400×). Values in this figure are presented with mean ± SD. n = 3. NC, negative control. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.
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