The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology

Table. 1. Table 1

Chemical compounds or medicines for improving hair loss

Compound name (type)	Subjects	Working concentration & condition	Positive effects or molecular targets	References
Cetirizine(Anti-histamine, PGD₂ inhibitor)	60 patients with AGA	1% cetirizine-treated group for 6 months	↑ Hair growth	[37]
	40 males with AGA	1% cetirizine solution for 16 weeks	↑ Total & vellus hair density	[38]
	40 males with AGA	1% cetirizine solution for 16 weeks	↑ Anagen phase ratio	[38]
	67 males with AGA	Topical 1% cetirizine per daily	↑ Total hair density	[61]
	67 males with AGA	Topical 1% cetirizine per daily	↑ Terminal hair density	[61]
Setipiprant(DP2 antagonist)	83 males with AGA	Phase 2a clinical trial 500 mg twice a day for 24 weeks	Safety and tolerability	[39]
Setipiprant(DP2 antagonist)	83 males with AGA	Phase 2a clinical trial 500 mg twice a day for 24 weeks	Not significant efficacy	[39]
Levocetirizinehydrochloride (Anti-histamine, PGD₂ inhibitor)	Human dermal papilla cells	1, 10, 100, 1,000, and 10,000 ng/ml for 24 h	↓ PDG₂, PTGDS, DP2	[40]
			↑ PGF_2α,
			↑ pAKT, pGSK3β
Latanoprost(PGF_2α analog)	43 patients with glaucoma	Unilateral topical 0.1% latanoprost administration for 10 weeks	↑ Hypertrichosis,	[41]
	43 patients with glaucoma		↑ Pirgmentation	[41]
	54 males with alopecia areta	Latanoprost 0.005% (50 μg/ml) ophthalmic solution for 3 months to 2 year	↑ Hair regrowth	[42]
	16 males with AGA	0.1% latanoprost in males with mild AGA for 24 weeks	↑ Hair density, hair growth	[45]
	16 males with AGA	0.1% latanoprost in males with mild AGA for 24 weeks	↑ Hair diameter	[45]
	30 males with alopecia areta	Topical 0.005% latanoprost for 12 weeks	↑ Hair density	[46]
	30 males with alopecia areta	Topical 0.005% latanoprost for 12 weeks	↑ Hair regrowth	[46]
Bimatoprost(PGF_2α analog)	585 subjects	0.03% ophthalmic bimatoprost solution for at least 12 months	↑ Eyelashes regrowth	[50]
	30 patients	0.03% bimatoprost ophthalmic solution for 1 year	↑ Eyebrow thickness	[52]
	238 patients with idiopathic hypotrichosis	0.03% bimatoprost ophthalmic solution for 1 year	↑ Eyelash regrowth	[53]
	36 patients with alopecia areata 40 subjects	0.03% bimatoprost for 6 months	↑ Eyelash regrowth	[54]
	Human dermal papilla cells	0.03% bimatoprost	↑ Eyelash regrowth in healthy adolescents	[58]
	AGA mouse model(MaleC57BL/6J mice)	5 μM bimatoprost in solvent mixture system	↑ Cell proliferation
		0.3%–5% bitmatoprost formulation for 14 days	↑ Hair regrowth	[59]
			↑ Hair weight
			↑ Diameter & number of Hair follicles

PGD₂, prostaglandin D2; PGF_2α, prostaglandin F2α; AGA, androgenetic alopecia.

Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2022;26:405-413 https://doi.org/10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.6.405