Effects of CARD on the serum levels of testosterone, FSH, LH, sperm number and motility in all experimental groups
| Variable | Testosterone (ng/ml) | FSH (ng/ml) | LH (ng/ml) | Sperm number (×106) | Sperm motility (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 4.89 ± 0.97 | 6.22 ± 0.64 | 7.21 ± 0.90 | 167.46 ± 6.45 | 13.60 ± 1.43 |
| CARD | 5.13 ± 0.83 | 6.60 ± 0.84 | 7.55 ± 0.49 | 171.22 ± 6.82 | 14.84 ± 1.42 |
| DM | 1.25 ± 0.21 |
2.92 ± 0.65 |
4.11 ± 0.89 |
42.22 ± 8.37 |
3.18 ± 0.88 |
| DM + GLIB | 2.34 ± 0.65 |
3.54 ± 0.64 |
4.62 ± 0.89 |
87.10 ± 6.33 |
5.33 ± 0.75 |
| DM + CARD | 3.02 ± 0.64 |
4.48 ± 0.63 |
5.16 ± 0.90 |
100.35 ± 7.10 |
6.88 ± 0.89 |
| DM + GLIB + CARD | 3.85 ± 0.53 |
5.18 ± 0.87 |
6.29 ± 0.89 |
138.24 ± 8.95 |
10.87 ± 1.39 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD. CARD, normal rat supplemented with cardamonin; FSH, follicle stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; DM, untreated diabetic group; DM + GLIB, diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide; DM + CARD, diabetic rats treated with cardamonin; DM + GLIB + CARD, diabetic rats treated with both glibenclamide and cardamonin. Test used: One-way ANOVA followed by