Fig. 5. Effects of high fructose intake on the expression of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes in the kidney. Representative images of kidneys and adrenal glands are shown from rats drinking either water (control, n = 6) or 20% fructose (fructose, n = 6). (A) Representative gross images of kidneys and adrenal glands are shown for control and fructose-intake rats. RAS-related gene expression of was quantified by RT-qPCR. Intake of 20% fructose increased the expression of renin, angiotensin II type 1a receptor (AT1aR), angiotensin II type 1b receptor (AT1bR), and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) in the kidneys (B–E). (F) Kidneys sections were stained with H&E or trichrome. Renin, AT1R, and angiotensin II (Ang II) proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry. JGA, juxtaglomerular apparatus. The graphs show the mean ± standard error of three independent experiments (*p = 0.05, **p = 0.01, control vs. fructose).
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