Fig. 4. The mutation of chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1) C528 abolished the anti-migration and anti-invasion activity of S109 in glioma cells. U87 cells expressing wild-type (WT) and C528S-mutant CRM1 were treated with S109, and then migration and invasion were assessed by wound-healing cell migration assay (A, B) and transwell invasion assay (C, D). Results are expressed as means ± standard error of the mean of three independent experiments. ***p < 0.001 compared with the control group. The invasive cells were stained with a 0.1% crystal violet solution for 30 min. (E) The effect of S109 treatment on p-STAT3 expression level in CRM1-WT and CRM1-C528S cells. U87, U87-CRM1-WT and U87-CRM1-C528S cells were treated with S109 (0–2 μM) for 24 h respectively, and then the total protein was exacted. The expression level of p-STAT3 were examined by Western blot assays.
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